Vega

I chose this star because it is the brightest star in the constellation Lyra, the fifth brightest star in the sky and the second brightest star in the northern celestial hemisphere; Vega is also one of the three "beauties of summer". I thought it would be important because it has been said to arguably be the next most important star in the sky after the sun. As the first star other than the sun to be photographed, the very first to have its spectrum recorded, the first to to have its distance recorded through parallax measurements, and one of the defining stars for the UVB system, it has excelled in being first and therefore has earned its spot as a baseline for others. Vega is also characterized as a whit dwarf star, at 2.1 times as massive as the sun, both its age and expected lifetime are one tenth that of the Sun's.
Star: Vega
Constellation: Lyra
Location:
Right Ascension:18h 36m 56.332s
Declination: +38°47'1.17"
25.30 light years from Sun
Stellar Classification: A0V
Chemical Makeup: hydrogen
Spectrum analysis: hydrogen

Vega is the brightest star in the upper left

060110_vega_02.jpg

https://books.google.com/books?id=AAs1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=hydrogen+and+iron+in+polaris+star&source=bl&ots=HOY6ikRQUU&sig=TwYd7XLep5JOT53AwVCh-6cMzGo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDIQ6AEwBWoVChMIlZyloqObyAIVxBY-Ch1o6wL_#v=onepage&q=hydrogen%20and%20iron%20in%20polaris%20star&f=false

Sources:

Stars. (2013). Retrieved September 28, 2015, from http://www.astronoo.com/en/stars.html

List of brightest stars. (2013). Retrieved September 28, 2015, from http://www.astronoo.com/en/brightest-stars.html

Sessions, L. (2015, July 21). Star of the week: Vega, the Harp Star | EarthSky.org. Retrieved October 1, 2015, from http://earthsky.org/brightest-stars/vega-brilliant-blue-white-is-third-brightest-star