Bear attack

EASTERN DECIDUOUS FOREST AND TALL GRASS PRAIRIE

COMMON NAME: Weeping Willow

GENUS AND SPECIES NAME: Salix Babylonica

Habitat: moist soils, foodplains, streamsides, riverbanks, hill prairies, open woods

Use: salicylic acid eases pain and reduces inflammation, headache treatment, used in toothaches, leaves are used as blood purifier and treat skin eruptions, can be chewed for sore throats, vines can be used as a splint for broken bones and stops blood flow

Preparation: Pain: to make tea, tear off piece of bark and place in water. bring water to boil and remove from the heat. Allow to steep for thirty minutes. Drink like a tea, but do not exceed three times a day. Use leaves to make poultice and apply topically to relieve pain. 

Active chemical: salicylic acid

Chemical formula:C7H6O3

TALL GRASS PARIRIE AND EASTERN DECIDUOUS FOREST

COMMON NAME: Yarrow

GENUS AND SPECIES NAME: Achillea millefolium

Season: May-November

Habitat: fields, pastures, prairies, roadsides, waste places, wooded areas

Uses: fever, fresh leaves for toothache, applied to skin to stop bleeding, insect stings, sweating, taken by mouth to reduce inflammation, healing of colds and fevers, digestion- diarrhea; will lessen pain and prevent infections

Preparation: can be made into a tea or tincture, but for large amounts of blood, flowers are crushed or chewed and applied, packed directly, and layered if desired.

Active chemical: Apigenin

Chemical formula: C15H10O5

EASTERN DECIDUOUS FOREST

TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

COMMON NAME: Purple Coneflower

Genus and Species Name: Echinacea purpurea

Habitat: openings in moist woods and wooded bottom lands, upland prairies, savannas, pastures, and roadsides 
Medicinal Uses: roots are used to create a tincture as a source for pain relief
Preparation: Clean roots and chop or pound (mortar and pestle) and stuff into jar. The ratio of root to alcohol or vinegar will 1:2. Add alcohol or vinegar to root in jar. Put lid on container and let sit in cool, dark place for a few (2) weeks. When ready, it can be taken straight or diluted with water if pleased. 
Active Chemical: Echinacoside
Formula:C35H46O20

TALL GRASS PRAIRIE AND EASTERN DECIDUOUS FOREST

COMMON NAME: Joe-pye weed

GENUS AND SPECIES NAME: Eupatorium purpureum

Season: July to September

Habitat: wooded slopes, wet meadows and thickets, stream margins

Use: Infection: teas of roots or tops used as a diuretic, root tea used for diarrhea, tea used as blood purifier and prevents infection-open wounds, tea used to treat frostbite, tea used for swelling and sore throat, and kidney ailments

Preparation: can make root or flower tea. To make root tea, steep oz of dried and crushed root into 1 pint of boiling water for thirty minutes and drink half a cup at a time. To make flower tea, steep 1teaspoon of dried flower into 8oz of boiling water for ten minutes. 

Active Chemical: Eupatorin

Chemical Structure: C18H16O7

TALL GRASS PRAIRIE AND EASTERN DECIDUOUS FOREST

COMMON NAME: Cattail

GENUS AND SPECIES: Typha latifolia

Season: May-July

Habitat: marshes, sloughs, ditches, margins of ponds and lakes

Use: pounded roots used as poultice for burns and sores, internal bleeding, fibers used as sutures for closing compound fractures. Burned ash is used to stop bleeding and disinfect wounds. Slime in bottom of leaf will help stop bleeding and lessen pain. 

Preparation: Burn ash and apply to wound. Obtain and apply slime to wound. Take fibers off of plant. 

TALL GRASS PRAIRIE AND EASTERN DECIDUOUS FOREST

COMMON NAME: Common Plantain

GENUS AND SPECIES NAME: Plantago major

HABITAT: waste areas, lawns

SEASON: June-August

USE: The poultice is used to stop bleeding and soothe infections and cuts. 

PREPARATION: To create poultice to place on wound, gather and clean plantain leaves. Place leaves in mouth and chew until mash is created. If there is the option, use mortar and pestle to cut, crush or bruise leaves. Take mash and place over wound and any inflamed area around it. Reapply and rewrap when necessary. 

ACTIVE CHEMICAL: aucubin
Formula: C15H22O9

(n.d.). Missouri's Fish, Forests and Wildlife | Missouri Department of Conservation. Cattails | Missouri Department of Conservation. Retrieved September 5, 2015, from http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/cattails

(n.d.). Healing Herbal Information. Weeping Willow | Healing Herbal Information. Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://healingherbinfo.com/index.php/herbs/herb/weeping_willow

(n.d.). Whispering Earth | Nature patiently waits and we have only to turn back to her to find relief from our suffering – Dr Bach. The Multiple Benefits and Uses of Yarrow | Whispering Earth. Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://whisperingearth.co.uk/2011/09/28/the-multiple-benefits-and-uses-of-yarrow/

(n.d.). Off The Grid News | Better Ideas For Off The Grid Living. Growing And Using Echinacea | Off The Grid News. Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://www.offthegridnews.com/alternative-health/growing-and-using-echinacea/